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排灣族圓孔雙管鼻笛的文化背景和音樂藝術
The Cultural Background and Musical Art of
Paiwan Round-hole Double-pipe Nose Flute Lalingdan
& Mouth Flute Pakulalu
相傳遠古時Piyuma部落的一位年輕人，他發現百步蛇從竹林中走出來，於是他在竹子林中拿起竹子來試著模仿百步蛇的聲音，但試了又試仍然沒有聲音，他失望地低下頭嘆了一口氣，嘆息不經意地注入到竹管裡，沒想到竹子竟然能夠發出聲音！他發現百步蛇聲音從鼻子發出來，於是他模仿百步蛇的鼻子抬得高高的，動作左右移動…。從那天起他開始用竹子一次、又一次地尋找、模仿百步蛇所發出來的聲音。他希望能夠常常聽到百步蛇的聲音，因為百步蛇的聲音代表著百步蛇神明對部落、村民的祝福。
雙管鼻笛是由二根竹管組成，一個是無指孔、一個是有指孔。無指孔的代表神明的聲音，被稱為“zemengzer”，讚美的聲音，有指孔的代表年青人的聲音，被稱為“cemikecekn”，編織的聲音。而有刻雕紋者為貴族所使用的樂器，沒有雕紋則為平民所使用的樂器，就這樣傳於Piyuma部落的世世代代，一直到今天。排灣族的單管口笛稱作pakulalu，在過去的排灣族傳統文化中是勇士手中常持有的器具，作為部落與部落發生衝突、外侮入侵、或獵到敵人首級時的暗號。
因著社會的變遷，部落與部落之間的關係化暗為明，因此口笛在近代已成為部落族人閒暇時最喜歡吹奏的樂器。單管口笛有別於雙管鼻笛複音音樂的呈現，六個指孔的型制，使得旋律的表現空間更寬廣，年輕人非常喜愛吹奏。
The double-pipe nose flute consists of two bamboo tubes, one is a fingerless hole and the other with finger holes. The fingerless tube represents the voice of the gods, called "zemengzer", the sound of praise, while the one with finger holes represents the voice of young people, called "cemikecekn", the sound of weaving. The nose flutes with carvings are musical instruments used by nobles, and those without carvings are musical instruments used by civilians. In this way, the tradition of the double-pipe nose flute playing has been passed down from generation to generation in the Piyuma tribe, until this day.
The single-pipe flute of the Paiwan tribe is called pakulalu. In Paiwan traditional culture, it was a tool often carried by warriors. It was used as a signal for clashes between tribes, foreign invasions, or the success of head-hunting of the enemy. Due to social changes, the relationship between tribes has become peaceful, so in modern times the mouth flute has become the favorite instrument of tribes in their leisure time. The single-pipe mouth flute is different from the polyphonic presentation of the double-pipe nose flute. The organization of six-finger hole makes the melodic expression wider, and therefore are favored by young people a lot.
謝水能藝師
排灣族圓孔雙管鼻笛Lalingdan、
口笛Pakulalu保存者
The Cultural Bearer of Paiwan Round-hole Double-pipe
Nose Flute Lalingdan & Mouth Flute Pakulalu
—Art Master Gilegilau Pavalius (Shui-Neng Xie)
奉屏東縣政府2010年6月30日屏府文藝字第0990159236號函，公告增列謝水能先生為屏東縣傳統藝術--排灣族口鼻笛保存者，謝水能正式成為本縣藝師。2011年3月，謝水能被遴選為行政院原住民族委員會第三屆原住民藝術工作者駐村計畫音樂表演類之駐村藝術家。2011年9月14日入選民國100年度文建會指定的「重要傳統藝術保存者」（即俗稱的人間國寶），曹縣長頒發紀念品表彰其成就。
排灣族雙管鼻笛Lalingdan源自於百步蛇(kamavanan)，它是Piyuma部落的守護神。傳說中，百步蛇是代表物產豐富、多產的神明，每年部落村民期待百步蛇今年發出聲音的位置，百步蛇的聲音代表今年部落是否生活平順穩定、物產豐盛。在古早部落的生活型態中，生越多孩子代表越豐盛，因先祖以農業、狩獵為主，人丁興旺帶來更多的人力，因此他們相信百步蛇必帶給部落年年的豐收。
According to Official Document Pingfu Literature and Art No. 0990159236 issued on June. 30th, 2010, the Pingtung County Government announced Mr. Shui-neng Xie was added as the cultural bearer of the traditional art of Pingtung County “Paiwan Mouth-Flute and Nose-Flute,” and Shui-neng Xie officially became the County Art Master.
In March of 2011, Shui-neng Xie was selected as the artist in residence for the 3rd Aboriginal Artists Residency Program of the Indigenous Peoples Committee of the Executive Yuan. September 14th, 2011, he was selected as the "Important Preserver of Traditional Art" (commonly known as the Worldly National Treasure) designated by the Cultural Development Council of the Year 2011, and County Mayor Cao issued souvenirs in recognition of his achievements.
鄭偉宏 孫漢曄
排灣族雙管圓孔雙管口、鼻笛保存者進階藝生
Paiwan Round-hole Double-pipe Nose Flute & Lalingdan Mouth Flute Advanced Art Apprentice -- Dremaljig Paqalius (Wei-hong Zheng), Cugagang Pacekelj (Han-yue Sun)
鄭偉宏藝生自2012年起，隨謝水能藝師進行五年的傳習計畫課程與進階傳習課程，並不定期的跟隨藝師推廣、觀摩演出。五年傳習課程與進階課程，鄭偉宏藝生雖有職在身，不但參與習藝也隨藝師推廣教學，非常認真。學藝過程雖然辛苦，但他絲毫不減對於鼻笛的喜愛與傳承的使命感。2017年獲得文化部頒佈為排灣族雙管口、鼻笛結業藝生的榮譽，技藝受到肯定。
Dremaljig Paqalius (Wei-hong Zheng), an Art Apprentice, has been following the Art Master Shui-neng Xie for five years, taking the transmission courses and then advanced transmission courses since 2012, and has been following the art master for the promotion, observation and performance from time to time. During the five years of transmission project, although having a job for living, he not only participates in the art apprenticeship, but also the promotion teachings with the art master industriously. Although the process of learning was hard, his love for the nose flute and his sense of mission has never been reduced. In 2017, he was awarded the honor of a Paiwan double-pipe mouth and nose flute graduate by the Ministry of Culture, and his skills were affirmed.Dremaljig Paqalius (Wei-hong Zheng), an Art Apprentice, has been following the Art Master Shui-neng Xie for five years, taking the transmission courses and then advanced transmission courses since 2012, and has been following the art master for the promotion, observation and performance from time to time. During the five years of transmission project, although having a job for living, he not only participates in the art apprenticeship, but also the promotion teachings with the art master industriously. Although the process of learning was hard, his love for the nose flute and his sense of mission has never been reduced. In 2017, he was awarded the honor of a Paiwan double-pipe mouth and nose flute graduate by the Ministry of Culture, and his skills were affirmed.
孫漢曄因國小推廣課程學習，開始與鼻笛有所接觸，並從五年級開始師承謝水能老師，學習迄今，始終對鼻笛保持濃厚熱愛。自2012年起，隨謝水能藝師進行五年傳習課程與進階課程。參與傳習時，他是傳統習藝生中年齡最輕的。傳習技藝的過程嚴謹，每年傳習的課程安排有二次的評鑑，在2017年獲得文化部頒佈為排灣族雙管口、鼻笛結業藝生的殊榮。
Cugagang Pacekelj (Han-yue Sun) started to have contact with the nose flute due to the promotion courses in elementary schools. He began to learn from master Shui-neng Xie since the fifth grade and has always maintained a strong love for the nose flute. Since 2012, he took a five-year apprenticeship from Art Master Shui-neng Xie, including basic transmitting courses and advanced courses. When participating in the transmitting project, he was the youngest of all the traditional art apprentices. The process of transmitting courses was rigorous and the apprentice had to be evaluated twice each year. In 2017, Han-yue Sun was awarded the honor of being a Paiwan double-pipe mouth and nose flute graduate by the Ministry of Culture.
