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阿美族里漏部落巫師祭儀
Amis Traditional Ritual Transmitted by Lidaw Shamans
阿美族裡的祭師(sikawasay)指的是擁有神靈的人、祭師有男有女,不分年齡,是一種為私人與部落執行祭祀的「祭祀團體」。里漏部落祭祀團體目前僅存九名祭師,全為女性。祭師均並非自願團體,而是必須精神靈所挑選經生病或作夢後,由媽媽級祭師鑑定認可後才有資格參加,平時亦須遵守禁忌,如終生不吃蔥、蒜、羊、雞、兔等;儀式當日禁吃蔬菜類及魚類;儀式期間不得與伴侶行房事,不碰生水,不遠遊等,一切的禁忌是為了與世俗的世界劃清界線。
而由於時代的變遷、傳承上的斷層、必須守禁忌的負擔,年輕人已不願意加入祭師團體,目前的祭師漸漸老邁,往日從旁參與儀式的部落民眾也逐漸流失,故現存之九人祭師團體實屬相當珍貴之民俗寶藏。
The sikawasay of the Ami tribe refers to people who possess gods. There are male and female priests, regardless of age. They are a "ritual group" that performs sacrifices for private individuals and tribes. There are currently only nine priests in the Lidaw tribe, all of whom are women. Priests are not a voluntary group, but must be selected by the gods, through illness or dreams, and approved by mother-level priests before they are eligible to participate. It is also necessary to observe taboos in daily life, such as not eating onions, garlic, sheep, chicken, rabbits, etc.; eating vegetables and fish is forbidden on the day of the ceremony; during the ceremony, it is not allowed to have sex with a partner, not touch raw water, or not travel far away. All taboos are to draw a line from the secular world.
However, due to the changes of the times, the fault of inheritance, and the burden of observing taboos, young people are no longer willing to join the priesthood. The current priests are getting older, and the tribal people who participated in the ceremonies in the past are also gradually losing. Therefore, the existing nine-person priest group is indeed a very precious folk treasure.
祭師團體為了執行對部落社會責任義務的角色,衍生出她們在部落社會之功能:
In the process of performing social responsibilities, priests' groups have derived their functions in tribal society. Its functions are as follows:
慎終追遠、凝聚部落感情
Worship the ancestors and maintain cohesive tribal feelings
經濟上之功能
Economic function
娛樂的功能
Entertainment function
教育上的功能
Education function
社會的功能
Social function
傳承的功能
Inheritance function.
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